Spreadsheet Tutorials

Master Excel and Google Sheets with step-by-step guides

Absolute ReferenceRelative ReferenceMixed ReferenceF4Beginners

Absolute vs Relative Reference

Absolute vs relative reference in Excel explained: what $ really locks, when to use mixed refs, the F4 shortcut, and dynamic alternatives in Google Sheets.

10 min read
AVERAGEIFCriteriaConditional AverageAVERAGEIFSStatistical

AVERAGEIF with Criteria

Learn how to use AVERAGEIF with criteria in Excel and Google Sheets: syntax, text, number and date conditions, wildcards, and when to switch to AVERAGEIFS.

10 min read
AVERAGEIFSMultiple CriteriaStatisticalConditional Average

AVERAGEIFS Multiple Criteria

AVERAGEIFS multiple criteria lets you average cells that satisfy two or more conditions at once. Learn the syntax, real examples, and how it differs from AVERAGEIF and SUMIFS.

11 min read
DATEDIFAgeTODAYYEARDate & Time

Calculate Age From Birthday

Learn how to calculate age from birthday in Excel and Google Sheets using DATEDIF, YEAR and TODAY — get exact years, or years, months and days, that update automatically.

10 min read
DAYSDATEDIFNETWORKDAYSDate DifferenceWorking Days

Calculate Days Between Two Dates

Calculate days between two dates in Excel and Google Sheets with DAYS, DATEDIF, and NETWORKDAYS. Learn which formula counts total, working, or elapsed days and how to skip weekends.

10 min read
IPMTPPMTPMTLoan InterestFinancial

Calculate Loan Interest

Calculate loan interest in Excel using IPMT, PPMT, and PMT. Learn how to split every payment into interest and principal, and find the true total cost of a loan.

12 min read
TEXTJOINCONCATENATECONCATText FunctionsJoin Text

CONCATENATE vs TEXTJOIN

Concatenate vs TEXTJOIN in Excel and Google Sheets: compare syntax, delimiters, and empty-cell handling to pick the right text-joining function every time.

9 min read
SUMIFBudgetTemplatePersonal FinanceDashboard

Excel Budget Template

Build an Excel budget template from scratch: structure your sheets, total spending by category with SUMIF, flag overspending with IF, and track averages.

12 min read
IFNAN/A ErrorVLOOKUP ErrorsError HandlingTroubleshooting

Excel N/A Error Fix

The complete Excel N/A error fix guide: why #N/A appears in VLOOKUP and XLOOKUP, how to repair the root cause, and when to wrap it with IFNA or IFERROR.

11 min read
VALUE errorIFERRORError HandlingData Cleaning

Excel VALUE! Error Fix

The #VALUE! error means Excel expected a number but found text. Learn how to fix an excel value error fix fast using IFERROR, VALUE, and clean data checks.

10 min read
LEFTRIGHTMIDFINDText Extraction

Extract Text From String

Extract text from string in Excel and Google Sheets using LEFT, RIGHT, MID, and FIND. Learn to pull the first or last word, a middle substring, or text between two delimiters.

10 min read
ARRAYFORMULAGoogle SheetsDynamic ArraysFILTERQUERY

Google Sheets ARRAYFORMULA

Google Sheets ARRAYFORMULA applies one formula to an entire range at once, so you never copy down again. Learn how to combine it with IF, FILTER, and QUERY.

10 min read
IFANDORNOTLogical FunctionsMultiple Conditions

IF with AND / OR

Combining IF with AND OR logic lets a single formula test several conditions at once. Learn the syntax, nesting order and Excel and Google Sheets examples.

9 min read
INDEX MATCHLookupINDEXMATCHVLOOKUP Alternative

INDEX MATCH Formula

Master the INDEX MATCH formula in Excel and Google Sheets step by step: exact syntax, left lookups, two-way lookups, and how it compares to VLOOKUP and XLOOKUP.

12 min read
INDEXMATCHMultiple CriteriaLookupXLOOKUP

INDEX MATCH with Multiple Criteria

INDEX MATCH with multiple criteria lets you match on two or more columns in Excel and Google Sheets. Learn the exact array formula plus a cleaner XLOOKUP alternative.

11 min read
PMTLoanCalculatorMortgageFinancial

Loan Payment Calculator (PMT)

Calculate your monthly loan payment instantly and understand the Excel PMT function behind it. Works for mortgages, car loans, and personal loans.

5 min
FILTERSORTUNIQUEDynamic ArraysExcel 365Advanced

Master Excel Dynamic Arrays (Excel 365)

Learn how to use modern dynamic array functions like FILTER, SORT, UNIQUE, and SEQUENCE to transform your spreadsheets.

18 min read
INDEXMATCHVLOOKUPLookupAdvanced

Master INDEX/MATCH for Two-Way Lookups

Learn how to use INDEX and MATCH together to create powerful two-way lookups that work in any direction, unlike VLOOKUP.

15 min read
QUERYGoogle SheetsData AnalysisAdvancedSQL

Master the QUERY Function in Google Sheets

Learn how to use Google Sheets' powerful QUERY function to filter, sort, and analyze data like a database.

20 min read
MortgagePMTLoan PaymentFinancial Functions

Mortgage Calculator

Build a working mortgage calculator in Excel or Google Sheets using PMT, IPMT, and PPMT. Estimate monthly payments, interest, and principal for any fixed-rate loan.

12 min read
IFNested IFIFSXLOOKUPLogical

Nested If Alternatives

Long nested IF formulas are hard to read and easy to break. Discover the best nested IF alternatives in Excel and Google Sheets — IFS, lookup tables, and XLOOKUP.

10 min read
PMTLoan PaymentMortgageFinancial FunctionsAmortization

PMT Function Loan Payment

Master the PMT function loan payment formula in Excel and Google Sheets: calculate monthly mortgage or car payments and split interest from principal.

11 min read
SUMIFDate RangeSUMIFSSUMReporting

SUMIF with a Date Range

SUMIF only takes one condition, so summing between two dates needs a trick. Learn three clean ways to SUMIF (or SUMIFS) over a date range in Excel and Google Sheets.

10 min read
SUMIFSMultiple CriteriaConditional SumCOUNTIFSExcel Formulas

SUMIFS Multiple Criteria

Build SUMIFS multiple criteria formulas that total values matching two or more conditions in Excel and Google Sheets, including dates, wildcards and OR logic.

11 min read
VLOOKUPApproximate MatchRange LookupTax BracketsXLOOKUP

VLOOKUP Approximate Match

VLOOKUP approximate match explained: how TRUE range_lookup works, why data must be sorted ascending, tax and grade table examples, plus XLOOKUP alternatives.

11 min read
VLOOKUPMultiple CriteriaINDEX MATCHXLOOKUPLookup

VLOOKUP with Multiple Criteria

VLOOKUP only matches one column, but real lookups often need two or more. Learn four reliable ways to do a VLOOKUP with multiple criteria in Excel and Google Sheets.

12 min read
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